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'<img alt="" src="/uploads/allimg/170405/3-1F405100406307.jpg" style="width: 352px; height: 220px;" /><br />
<p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: 宋體; font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(248, 249, 244); text-indent: 2em;">
如果“熱咖啡”指的是咖啡作物被高溫壓力所困擾，那麼，這個詞對於爪哇咖啡愛好者而言，並非是一件好事。</p>
<p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: 宋體; font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(248, 249, 244); text-indent: 2em;">
美國俄勒岡州立大學林學院的一項研究顯示，當阿拉比卡這種咖啡遭受了短時熱浪，會變得難以開花和結果。這意味着沒有咖啡豆，也沒有咖啡可以喝。</p>
<p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: 宋體; font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(248, 249, 244); text-indent: 2em;">
阿拉比卡咖啡豆是世界上主要的咖啡種植品種。在全球每年近200億磅咖啡消費量中，阿拉比卡咖啡的商業生產佔65%。這種咖啡樹整年持續產生新的繁茂的樹葉，在全球四個大洲80個國家的熱帶地區生長。</p>
<p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: 宋體; font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(248, 249, 244); text-indent: 2em;">
這項研究調查了在溫室試驗中葉齡和熱持續時間如何影響阿拉比卡咖啡樹從熱應力中的恢復。一個重要的發現是，和成熟的葉片相比，嫩且“展開”的葉片恢復尤爲緩慢。同時，在經受了模擬熱浪實驗後，沒有任何植物開花結果。</p>
<p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: 宋體; font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(248, 249, 244); text-indent: 2em;">
“這強調了阿拉比卡咖啡對溫度是多麼敏感。”研究負責人、俄勒岡州立大學植物生理學家Danielle Marias說，“不開花意味着沒有繁殖，這意味着不能結果。對於歉收的咖啡種植者來說，這可能是災難性的。”</p>
<p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: 宋體; font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(248, 249, 244); text-indent: 2em;">
“熱對植物而言非常有壓力，並且常常與乾旱有關。然而，在咖啡種植地區，氣候可能不僅是炎熱和乾旱，還有可能是炎熱和潮溼，所以在這項研究中，我們想分離出熱的影響。”Marias解釋道。</p>
<p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: 宋體; font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(248, 249, 244); text-indent: 2em;">
在這項研究中，阿拉比卡咖啡樹被暴露於使葉片溫度略高於48.9攝氏度的炎熱環境中，時間爲45分鐘或90分鐘。Marias表示，葉片溫度是全球氣候變化的現實反映。</p>
<p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: 宋體; font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(248, 249, 244); text-indent: 2em;">
展開的葉片在經受了90分鐘的高溫之後，恢復的時間最長——生理學上的恢復以光合作用、葉綠素熒光以及非結構性碳水化合物的出現來測量和判定。</p>
<p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: 宋體; font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(248, 249, 244); text-indent: 2em;">
Marias表示，在兩種處理中，展開的嫩葉的光合作用恢復要比成熟葉片慢得多；同時，氣孔導度也減小了。“根據葉片能量平衡模型，抑制的氣孔導度降低了葉片的蒸發冷卻，這將進一步增加葉片溫度，加劇了完全和部分光照條件下高溫壓力的後作用，而阿拉比卡咖啡樹常常生長於這樣的環境中。”</p>
<p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: 宋體; font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(248, 249, 244); text-indent: 2em;">
除去葉齡因素，長時間的熱暴露將導致水利用率的下降，這也可能惡化熱應力的效果，尤其在乾旱時。（胡璇子編譯）</p>
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